:root {
  --bg: #f6f8ff;
  --bar: rgba(246, 248, 255, 0.86);
  --ink: #0a1033;
  --muted: #55608a;
  --line: #d6ddf4;
  --royal: #1b3ccc;
  --head: #1b3ccc;
  --state: #ff4d5e;
  --cyan: #00d9ff;
  --gridimg:
    linear-gradient(rgba(27, 60, 204, 0.1) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(27, 60, 204, 0.1) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(rgba(27, 60, 204, 0.055) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(27, 60, 204, 0.055) 1px, transparent 1px);
  --serif: "Newsreader", Georgia, serif;
  --sans: "Inter", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --ease: cubic-bezier(.2, .7, .1, 1);
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { background: var(--bg); scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: 88px; }
body {
  margin: 0; position: relative; color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
::selection { background: var(--state); color: #fff; }
a { color: var(--royal); text-underline-offset: 4px; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; }
a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--state); text-decoration-thickness: 2px; }
:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--cyan); outline-offset: 3px; border-radius: 3px; }
.wrap { width: min(1100px, calc(100% - 64px)); margin: 0 auto; }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }

/* Graph paper lives in the margins and fades down from the top, so text always sits on clean paper */
body::before, body::after {
  content: ""; pointer-events: none; z-index: -1;
  background-image: var(--gridimg); background-size: 160px 160px, 160px 160px, 32px 32px, 32px 32px;
}
body::before {
  position: fixed; inset: 0;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #000 0, transparent 14%, transparent 86%, #000 100%);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #000 0, transparent 14%, transparent 86%, #000 100%);
}
body::after {
  position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 105vh;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 25%, transparent 100%);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 25%, transparent 100%);
}

/* Header */
.top {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 20; background: var(--bar);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px); backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; transition: border-color .3s;
}
.top.scrolled { border-bottom-color: var(--line); }
.top .wrap { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; height: 68px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 14px; }
.brand { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .01em; white-space: nowrap; }
nav { display: flex; gap: 2px; margin-right: -12px; }
nav a {
  position: relative; color: var(--muted); text-decoration: none;
  padding: 6px 12px 6px 18px; border: 1.5px solid transparent; border-radius: 999px; transition: color .2s;
}
nav a:hover { color: var(--ink); }
/* Coral outline and dot mark where you are on the page */
nav a[aria-current] { border-color: var(--state); color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
nav a[aria-current]::before {
  content: ""; position: absolute; left: 7px; top: 50%; width: 6px; height: 6px;
  margin-top: -3px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--state);
}
.progress { position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 2px; background: var(--state); transform-origin: left; transform: scaleX(0); z-index: 30; }

/* Hero */
.hero { padding: clamp(48px, 11vh, 120px) 0 clamp(56px, 9vh, 100px); }
.hero .wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 224px; gap: 56px; align-items: end; }
.eyebrow { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--royal); margin: 0 0 28px; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(32px, 4.8vw, 68px); line-height: 1.02; letter-spacing: -.03em; font-weight: 400; color: var(--head); margin: 0 0 28px; }
.lede { font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.5; max-width: 28em; color: var(--muted); margin: 0; }
.portrait { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }
.portrait::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; transform: translate(10px, 10px); border-radius: 20px; background: var(--state); }
.pimg { position: absolute; inset: 0; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 20px; background: var(--line); z-index: 1; box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--royal); }
.portrait img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; display: block; transform: scale(1.1); will-change: transform; }
.portrait-fallback { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 64px; color: var(--muted); }

/* Marquee of outlets */
.marquee { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); overflow: hidden; padding: 18px 0; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); background: var(--bar); }
.track { display: flex; width: max-content; animation: slide 46s linear infinite; }
.track span { white-space: nowrap; }
.track i { font-style: normal; margin: 0 32px; color: var(--line); }
.track a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; padding-bottom: 3px; background: linear-gradient(var(--state), var(--state)) 0 100% / 0 2px no-repeat; transition: color .2s, background-size .4s var(--ease); }
.track a:hover, .track a:focus-visible { color: var(--state); background-size: 100% 2px; }
.track a::after { content: " \2197"; opacity: .6; }
.marquee:hover .track { animation-play-state: paused; }
@keyframes slide { to { transform: translateX(-50%); } }

/* Sections: a rail label on the left, content on the right, a hairline that draws itself */
.sec { padding-top: clamp(72px, 12vh, 140px); }
.sec-grid { position: relative; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 48px; padding-top: 44px; }
.sec-grid::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 1px; background: var(--line); transform-origin: left; }
.rail { position: sticky; top: 112px; align-self: start; font-family: var(--sans); }
.rail .num { display: block; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .1em; color: var(--state); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 8px; }
h2 { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--state); font-weight: 600; margin: 0; }
.copy p { font-size: clamp(21px, 2.1vw, 26px); line-height: 1.5; margin: 0 0 1.1em; max-width: 34em; }
.copy .aside { font-size: 18px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 48px; }
.statement { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(30px, 3.6vw, 46px); line-height: 1.25; letter-spacing: -.01em; color: var(--head); max-width: 24em; }
/* Reading effect. --u is 0 for words still down in the lower band (coral, soft focus)
   and rises to 1 as they sharpen into the text color on their way up the screen. */
.sw {
  color: color-mix(in oklch, var(--state) calc((1 - var(--u, 1)) * 100%), var(--ink));
  filter: blur(calc((1 - var(--u, 1)) * 4px));
  opacity: calc(0.6 + 0.4 * var(--u, 1));
  transition: color .25s linear, filter .25s linear, opacity .25s linear;
}

/* Bio: education */
.edu { margin: 36px 0 0; padding-top: 24px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; max-width: 34em; }
.edu dt { font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.edu dd { margin: 0 0 6px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 2px 14px; }
.edu b { font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
.edu span { color: var(--muted); }

/* Interviews */
/* Interviews: a slider at 75% width */
.videos { position: relative; width: 75%; }
.vtrack { display: flex; align-items: flex-start; transition: transform .6s var(--ease); }
.vtrack .video { flex: 0 0 100%; min-width: 0; }
.videos.slider { overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 6px; transition: height .5s var(--ease); }
.vnav { position: absolute; right: 0; bottom: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 12px; color: var(--muted); }
.vnav button { width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 50%; border: 1.5px solid var(--royal); background: var(--bg); color: var(--royal); display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 0; cursor: pointer; transition: border-color .2s, color .2s, background-color .2s; }
.vnav button:hover { border-color: var(--state); color: var(--state); }
.vnav svg { width: 12px; height: 12px; }
.video { margin: 0; }
.video .frame { position: relative; aspect-ratio: 1021 / 542; background: #05091f; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 20px;  }
.video iframe, .video video { width: 100%; height: 100%; border: 0; display: block; object-fit: cover; background: #05091f; }
.vc { position: absolute; left: 14px; right: 14px; bottom: 14px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 8px 10px 8px 8px; border-radius: 999px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 12px; color: #fff;
  background: rgba(8, 14, 50, .55); -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); transition: opacity .3s, transform .3s; }
.video .frame:hover .vc, .video .frame:focus-within .vc, .video .frame.paused .vc { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.vc button { font: inherit; color: #fff; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; min-width: 30px; height: 30px; border-radius: 999px; }
.vc .vp { background: var(--state); }
.vc button:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .18); }
.vc .vp:hover { background: #ff6b79; }
.vc svg { width: 14px; height: 14px; fill: currentColor; }
.vc .vbar { flex: 1; height: 4px; border-radius: 4px; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .28); cursor: pointer; position: relative; }
.vc .vbar i { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 0; border-radius: 4px; background: var(--cyan); }
.vc .vm { padding: 0 10px; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.vbig { position: absolute; inset: 0; border: 0; background: none; cursor: pointer; padding: 0; }
.video figcaption { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 14px; }

/* Press and Commentary */
.controls { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 16px 32px; align-items: center; margin-bottom: 20px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 14px; }
input[type=search], select {
  font: inherit; color: var(--ink); background: none; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 0; padding: 8px 0; transition: border-color .2s, box-shadow .2s;
}
input[type=search] { flex: 1 1 220px; min-width: 0; }
input[type=search]:focus, select:focus { outline: none; border-bottom-color: var(--cyan); box-shadow: 0 1px 0 var(--cyan); }
select option { color: #0a1033; }
.chips { display: flex; gap: 22px; }
.chip { position: relative; font: inherit; color: var(--muted); background: none; border: 0; padding: 6px 0 6px 14px; cursor: pointer; transition: color .2s; }
.chip:hover { color: var(--ink); }
.chip[aria-pressed=true] { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }
.chip[aria-pressed=true]::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 50%; width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: -3px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--state); }

.list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.list li { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 96px minmax(0, 1fr) auto; gap: 20px; align-items: baseline; padding: 24px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.list .date { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.list .title {
  display: inline; font-size: clamp(21px, 2.2vw, 26px); line-height: 1.3; color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;
  background: linear-gradient(var(--state), var(--state)) 0 100% / 0 2px no-repeat; padding-bottom: 3px;
  transition: background-size .45s var(--ease), color .2s;
}
.list li:hover .title { background-size: 100% 2px; color: var(--state); }
.list .title::after { content: " \2197"; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: .7em; opacity: 0; transition: opacity .25s; }
.list li:hover .title::after { opacity: 1; }
.list .outlet { display: block; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 6px; }
.list .outlet a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--line); text-underline-offset: 3px; transition: color .2s, text-decoration-color .2s; }
.list .outlet a:hover { color: var(--state); text-decoration-color: currentColor; }
.list .tag { font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }

/* Section demarcation. Default is the axis rule; data-sep on <html> switches variants. */
.sec-grid::before { height: 3px; background: linear-gradient(var(--state), var(--state)) 0 0 / 56px 100% no-repeat, color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 38%, transparent); }
.sec-grid::after { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 3px; left: 0; right: 0; height: 7px; background: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 38%, transparent) 0 1px, transparent 1px 32px); pointer-events: none; }
html[data-sep="band"] .sec-grid::before, html[data-sep="band"] .sec-grid::after,
html[data-sep="card"] .sec-grid::before, html[data-sep="card"] .sec-grid::after { display: none; }
html[data-sep="band"] .sec { padding-bottom: clamp(72px, 12vh, 140px); }
html[data-sep="band"] #interviews, html[data-sep="band"] #philosophy { background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 8%, var(--bg)); }
html[data-sep="band"] .sec { padding-top: clamp(72px, 12vh, 140px); }
html[data-sep="band"] .sec-grid { padding-top: 0; }
html[data-sep="band"] footer { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 48px; }
html[data-sep="card"] .sec { padding-top: 28px; }
html[data-sep="card"] .sec-grid { padding: 48px; background: var(--bg); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 28px; }
html[data-sep="card"] .rail { top: 124px; }

/* Contact */
.email {
  display: inline-block; font-size: clamp(22px, 3.3vw, 38px); line-height: 1.15; letter-spacing: -.02em; color: var(--head); text-decoration: none;
  background-image: linear-gradient(var(--state), var(--state)); background-position: 0 100%; background-size: 0 3px; background-repeat: no-repeat;
  transition: background-size .5s var(--ease);
}
.email:hover { background-size: 100% 3px; }
.links a { margin-right: 20px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 15px; }
.todo, .todo-link { background-color: #fff3b8; color: #5a4a00; padding: 0 6px; border-radius: 2px; }

footer { margin-top: clamp(72px, 12vh, 140px); padding-bottom: 48px; font-family: var(--sans); font-size: 13px; color: var(--muted); }
.foot { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); padding-top: 28px; }
.foot a { color: var(--muted); }

/* Motion (only when JS is on and the viewer has not asked for reduced motion) */
.js .hw { display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: bottom; padding: .08em 0 .14em; margin: -.08em 0 -.14em; }
.js .hw > span { display: inline-block; transform: translateY(140%); transition: transform 1s var(--ease); transition-delay: calc(var(--i) * 90ms + 150ms); }
.js.loaded .hw > span { transform: none; }
.js .fx { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(16px); transition: opacity .9s var(--ease), transform .9s var(--ease); transition-delay: var(--d, 0ms); }
.js.loaded .fx { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.js .rv { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); transition: opacity .9s var(--ease), transform .9s var(--ease); }
.js .rv.in { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.js .sec-grid::before, .js .sec-grid::after { transform: scaleX(0); transform-origin: left; transition: transform 1.2s var(--ease); }
.js .sec.in .sec-grid::before, .js .sec.in .sec-grid::after { transform: none; }
.js .rail { opacity: 0; transition: opacity .8s ease .2s; }
.js .sec.in .rail { opacity: 1; }
.js .video .frame { clip-path: inset(0 0 100% 0); transition: clip-path 1.2s var(--ease); }
.js .video.in .frame { clip-path: inset(0); }
.js .video:not(:first-child) .frame { clip-path: none; transition: none; }
.js .list:not(.in) li { opacity: 0; }
.js .list.in li { animation: rise .7s var(--ease) both; animation-delay: calc(var(--i, 0) * 70ms); }
@keyframes rise { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(14px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  .track { animation: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  /* Phones: scroll-driven, so no easing (it trails the thumb then snaps) and a lighter blur */
  .sw { filter: blur(calc((1 - var(--u, 1)) * 2px)); transition: none; }
  body::before { display: none; }
  .wrap { width: calc(100% - 40px); }
  .top .wrap { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; height: auto; padding: 12px 0 8px; gap: 4px; }
  nav { flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0 0 0 -6px; }
  nav { gap: 0; margin-left: -4px; }
  nav a { padding: 5px 6px 5px 13px; font-size: 13px; }
  nav a[aria-current]::before { left: 5px; }
  .hero .wrap { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
  .portrait { max-width: 200px; margin-right: 10px; }
  html[data-sep="card"] .sec-grid { padding: 28px 22px; }
  .sec-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 20px; }
  .sec-grid > * { min-width: 0; }
  .email { font-size: clamp(20px, 6.2vw, 50px); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
  .rail { position: static; display: flex; gap: 14px; align-items: baseline; }
  .rail .num { margin: 0; }
  .list li { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 6px; }
  .videos { width: 100%; }
  .video figcaption { padding-right: 116px; min-height: 34px; }
  .video figcaption strong { display: block; margin: 0 0 3px; }
}


/* Expertise Venn, right of the bio */
.sec-grid.three { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr) 210px; }
.sec-grid.three .copy .aside { font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--muted); margin-top: 40px; max-width: 32em; }
.sec-grid.three .copy p { font-size: clamp(19px, 1.7vw, 23px); }
.venn { position: sticky; top: 112px; align-self: start; font-family: var(--sans); }
.venn .cap { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }
.venn svg { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; overflow: visible; }
.vc-circles circle { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 7%, transparent); stroke: var(--royal); stroke-width: 1.5; }
.vc-core { fill: var(--state); }
.vc-text text { font: 500 16px var(--sans); fill: var(--ink); }
.vc-text .vc-core-label { font-size: 10px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; fill: #fff; }
@media (max-width: 1000px) { .sec-grid.three { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); } .venn { grid-column: 2; position: static; max-width: 260px; } }
@media (max-width: 860px) { .sec-grid.three { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); } .venn { grid-column: auto; } }

.video figcaption strong { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; margin-right: 10px; }

/* Links inside body copy */
.copy a { color: inherit; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 45%, transparent); text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px; text-underline-offset: 5px; transition: text-decoration-color .2s; }
.copy a:hover { text-decoration-color: var(--state); }
.copy a:hover .sw { color: var(--state); }

/* Press: expand and collapse */
.more { position: relative; margin-top: 22px; padding: 10px 18px 10px 30px; font: 500 14px var(--sans); color: var(--ink); background: none; border: 1.5px solid var(--royal); border-radius: 999px; cursor: pointer; transition: border-color .2s, color .2s; }
.more::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 13px; top: 50%; width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: -3px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--state); }
.more:hover { border-color: var(--state); color: var(--state); }

.morerow { display: flex; gap: 12px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.morerow .more[hidden] { display: none; }

/* Venn legend: three groups */
.vgroups { display: grid; gap: 18px; margin-top: 26px; }
.vg h3 { margin: 0 0 6px; padding-left: 14px; position: relative; font: 600 10.5px var(--sans); letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--ink); }
.vg h3::before { content: ""; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 50%; width: 8px; height: 2px; margin-top: -1px; background: var(--state); }
.vg ul { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0 0 0 14px; display: grid; gap: 3px; }
.vg li { font: 400 13px/1.4 var(--sans); color: var(--muted); }
.vg { transition: opacity .2s; }
.vc-circles circle { transition: fill .25s, stroke .25s, stroke-width .25s; }
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="1"]:hover) .vc-circles circle:nth-child(1),
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="2"]:hover) .vc-circles circle:nth-child(2),
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="3"]:hover) .vc-circles circle:nth-child(3) { stroke: var(--state); stroke-width: 2.5; fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--state) 12%, transparent); }
.venn:has(.vg:hover) .vg:not(:hover) { opacity: .55; }

.edu .y { color: var(--ink); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }

.mail { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px 18px; margin: 6px 0 22px; }
.cbtn { font: 500 13px var(--sans); color: var(--ink); background: none; border: 1.5px solid var(--royal); border-radius: 999px; padding: 7px 16px; cursor: pointer; transition: border-color .2s, color .2s; }
.cbtn:hover { border-color: var(--state); color: var(--state); }

/* Venn: pale tint sits under the coral core, outlines stay on top and unchanged */
.vc-washes circle { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--royal) 7%, transparent); stroke: none; transition: fill .25s; }
.venn .vc-circles circle { fill: none !important; }
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="1"]:hover) .vc-washes circle:nth-child(1),
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="2"]:hover) .vc-washes circle:nth-child(2),
.venn:has(.vg[data-c="3"]:hover) .vc-washes circle:nth-child(3) { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--state) 12%, transparent); }